Unlike silicon solar cells that require high-temperature and vacuum processes, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are prepared by solution coating in an ambient environment feature thin, flexible, transparent, and much higher efficiency in dim-light environments, and enable niches in both indoor and outdoor applications . The Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER) has established the process technology service platform for roll-to-roll (R&R) mass production of OPVs, and is cooperating with industrial companies to develop various prototype products in indoor and outdoor applications.
INER developed a roll-to-roll continuous coating process for flexible organic solar cells in an ambient environment, combining slit-die coating with roll-type continuous coating process, and successfully implemented a fast and universal process to coat each film layer on a flexible PET substrate. For indoor applications, the large-area (100cm2) flexible organic solar cell modules prepared by INER exhibit efficiency of ~16％ in a 500 lux TL84 light source environment, corresponding to electrical power densities of about 27μW/cm2. For outdoor applications, the large-area flexible transparent organic solar cell module developed by INER accomplishes efficiency up to 5.6％ and transparency of 50％; so, it can be fully attached to the transparent plastic agricultural greenhouse to achieve the vision of agrivoltaics.
Besides efficiency, stability is the most critical factor for the commercialization of flexible organic solar cell modules. The key to improving stability lies on encapsulation technology. The encapsulation technology for flexible large-area organic solar cell modules developed by INER strengthens the resistance of the flexible modules to the intrusion of water vapor and oxygen in the external environment, thereby improving the behavior of accelerated damp and heat testing, and the T80 lifetime can exceed 1400 hours at 65°C/65％ RH accelerated life test. This R & D result was published in the international SCI journal (Solar Energy (2021), Vol. 213, pp. 136−144) in 110.
Looking forward to the future, INER will play a key role in the mid-stream position of the flexible OPV module in Taiwan, vertically integrating upstream academia/materials vendors and downstream industrial manufacturers, in order to establish localized key technology patents and have an international market competitive advantage. So that Taiwan will seize the opportunity and competitive advantage in the future international market of flexible OPV module industry.

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