These exhibits are vanadium electrolytes from recycling spent residual hydrodesulfurization (RDS) catalyst in refineries. The spent RDS catalyst is under a series of processes such as roasting, purification, and electrolysis. Then the vanadium compound is extracted from spent RDS into vanadium electrolytes. The vanadium electrolytes are used in vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), which is safe and stable energy storage system (ESS), and it greatly reduces the VRFB construction cost. This exhibit is an example that CPC recycles and reuses the waste. It will be extended to the ESS for backup power in the CPC’s refineries as green energy application verification in the future.