An electrostatic aerosol removing apparatus for a fuel production system utilizing biomass pyrolysis is provided, including a pyrolysis product inlet, at least two wet electrostatic adsorption units, and a pyrolysis gas outlet. The pyrolysis product inlet is for inputting a pyrolysis product that is formed through biomass pyrolysis and contains a pyrolysis gas and aerosol materials. The wet electrostatic adsorption units have different positive electrode-negative electrode distances for adsorbing aerosol materials of different sizes. The pyrolysis gas outlet is for outputting the pyrolysis gas.